In the case of a disease or a disorder, the introduction of cannabinoids means the affected cells will change their behaviour in order to reinstate homeostasis. Throughout the brain, different cell types express CB1 receptors, and as THC and other cannabinoids reach the receptors, they trigger a specific response from these cells. No matter how consumed, cannabinoids travel in the blood until they reach and connect with the cells in the body that have endocannabinoid receptors, which are an essential part of the body’s endocannabinoid system. The 1997 double-blind study reported that additional blood was circulating through these sections when THC was introduced intravenously. Article content What does all this say about cannabis? This advertisement has not loaded yet, but your article continues below. The insula maintains homeostasis by interoceptive awareness, thereby allowing for conscious awareness of many bodily states. ![]() In addition, the endocannabinoid system also helps to regulate homeostasis on a cellular level. Other functions include maintaining homeostasis, meaning the balance of separate, but interconnected, systems of the body. It further plays a part in compassion and empathy, and helps with differentiating ourselves from the outside world, providing a sense of self. It also gives emotional context to physiological experiences-for instance, it helps people experience that pain is unpleasant. It is involved in numerous diverse functions, ranging from involvement in consciousness, perception and cognition, and emotions such as joy, happiness, anger and disgust. Located on both hemispheres of the brain, the insular cortex (insula) is an important part of the cerebral cortex. The frontal cortex consolidates intricate perceptual information from sensory and motor cortices, as well as information from the parietal lobe (such as spatial sense and navigation), the temporal lobe (visual memory, language comprehension and emotion association), in order to perform these complex cognitive operations.Īn injured or insufficiently functional frontal cortex is associated with the inability to properly plan (executive function), changes in initiative and personality, as well as diminished creativity. The frontal cortex does all sorts of complicated things, regulating executive behaviours such as planning and strategizing, but most important, it makes an individual do the harder thing, when it’s the right thing to do. The frontal cortex functions in association with other regions of the brain designed for individual mental assignments, and it participates with other sections in memory, learning, attention and motivation. It plays an essential role in the creation of behavioural responses to both external and internal stimuli. The frontal cortex, in combination with other areas of the brain, performs the very broad set of differing neurological functions called cognition. Brain imaging shows this area of the brain is not developed in children, with the frontal cortex being the last part of the brain to fully develop, around age 25. It recently became clear that an important part of child development is frontal cortex maturing. This is something that soon moved from frontal executive control to implicit pathways. It’s also something that is activated in a very dramatic way during early development, where most people suddenly had to get a lot of frontal function, say, during toilet training. The superego keeps a person constrained and in line. It is more complex in humans than in any other species, and it is also the most recently evolved part of the brain. In his lecture, Sapolsky explains that the frontal cortex is the most human part of the brain. ![]() This video shows Robert Sapolsky, professor of neurology and neurosurgery at Stanford University, elaborating on the features and functions of the frontal cortex. To better understand what this all means, it will help to get familiar with these areas of the brain. “Behavioural manifestations of marijuana intoxication may be associated with increased functional activity of the brain, especially the frontal cortex, insula and cingulate gyrus,” researchers concluded. MRI scans showed increased cerebral blood flow in several regions of the brain when THC was injected, while the placebo group demonstrated no detectable change. ![]() Involving 32 volunteers who reported having previous experiences with cannabis, they were given either a placebo, or two intravenous doses of THC. Article content Something definitely changes when people get high.
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